Clinical Abstracts and blogs

Eye problems in the horse
The size and prominence of the equine eye means that disease and injury to the eye are common occurrences. Many...

Locating neurological lesions
Whilst neurology is an area of specialisation, most neurological lesions initially present in first opinion practice. Therefore, every general...

Common calving problems
The objectives for managing a cow at calving should be the same regardless of whether the cow is in a...

A forelimb amputation in a guinea pig with osteomyelitis
Guinea pigs are commonly-owned, exotic small mammals and present frequently to veterinary surgeons in general practice. Small mammal limb injuries...

Poisoning – the bigger picture: pigs, sheep, goats and horses
The Veterinary Poisons Information Service answer enquiries about any animal – big or small – and although larger animals represent...

Team member disputes – managing difficult employment relationships before they affect the wider practice
Stephenie Malone, specialist employment solicitor at Harrison Clark Rickerbys solicitors, discusses team member disputes in the veterinary practice. Difference and...

Whom to choose? Clearing confusion about appropriate behaviour and training referral services
In this article, Karen Wild, ASAB-Certificated Clinical Animal Behaviourist, explores the options for veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and owners regarding the...

Raccoons solve puzzles for fun, study finds
A new study has suggested that raccoons may enjoy solving puzzles, even when there is no food reward.
Researchers from the University of British Columbia suggest they may have an intrinsic motivation beyond hunger, known as ‘information foraging’.
The study saw raccoons faced with a custom, multi-access puzzle box. The box featured a number of interactive mechanisms including latches, sliding doors and knobs.
The boxes each had nine entry points, grouped as easy, medium and hard.
Each puzzle box contained a single marshmallow, which the raccoons had 20 minutes to reach. However, even after eating the marshmallow, the raccoons continued to try opening the other mechanisms.
If the solution was easy, researchers saw the raccoons explore the puzzle box broadly, trying multiple openings and varying the order.
Where the task was more difficult, the raccoons were more likely to favour a dependable solution. They still explored multiple solutions, though, even at the hardest level.
Researchers believe this demonstrates the raccoons basing their strategy on cost and risk, much like the decision-making frameworks of humans.
Researcher Hannah Griebling said: “It’s a pattern familiar to anyone ordering at a restaurant,
“Do you order your favourite dish or try something new? If the risk is high—an expensive meal you might not like—you choose the safe option. Raccoons explore when the cost is low and quickly decide to play it safe when the stakes are higher.”
Raccoons’ forepaws, with sensory nerves for foraging in streams, proved well-suited for manipulating latches and handles. Combined with their problem-solving skills, raccoons proved to have an advantage for scavenging in complex environments.
While this study focussed on captive animals, researchers believe behaviours would be similar in wild raccoons.
Ms Griebling said: “Understanding the cognitive traits that help raccoons thrive can guide management of species that struggle, and inform strategies for other species, like bears, that use problem-solving to access human-made resources.”
Dr Sarah Benson-Amram added: “Raccoon intelligence has long featured in folklore, yet scientific research on their cognition remains limited. Studies like this provide empirical evidence to support that reputation.”
The full study can be found in the journal Animal Behaviour.
Image © Hannah Griebling

Vets launch new podcast for pet owners
Vets Talking Pets provides advice on a range of topics.
Two independent vets have launched a podcast to help owners strengthen their bond with pets.
Dr Maggie Roberts and Dr Vanessa Howie, who have worked in both veterinary practice and major charities, are keen to use their experience to enable people to give pets a better life.
The venture, called the Vets Talking Pets, provides advice and information on a range of topics, including how to select a suitable pet, where to obtain them and how to get the best out of your vet.
Maggie and Vanessa will also discuss sensitive subjects, including end-of-life care, raw food diets and the cost of veterinary care.
The podcast can be found on all the usual podcast sites, including Podbean, Apple, Amazon Music and YouTube.
Image (C) JuShoot/Shutterstock.

RCVS Regional Question Time heads to Edinburgh
The RCVS is to bring its Regional Question Time (RQT) to Edinburgh for 2026.
The event will take place at Novotel Edinburgh Park in Edinburgh on Wednesday, 20 May 2026.
It will begin with supper and drinks at 6.30pm, with an evening programme from 7.30pm. This will start with an update on RCVS’ activities, followed by questions and answers with representatives.
RCVS is encouraging an ‘open dialogue’, in which queries can be raised in a friendly, informal environment.
While discussions are expected to be audience-led, the RQT is expected address major issues including the VSA, the CMA’s remedy package and the VN Vision project.
Tim Parkin, RCVS president, said: “It’s an important time for the professions, and I’m looking forward to meeting colleagues in Scotland as we navigate this period of change together so we can come out stronger.”
Tickets can be booked here.
Image © Shutterstock.com/Salivanchuk Semyon

National SQP Week toolkit launched
A new toolkit has been launched to help employers and stakeholders to celebrate the work of Suitably Qualified Persons (SQPs).
It has been released ahead of the inaugural National SQP Week, which is set to take place from 5-12 June 2026.
The campaign is intended to celebrate the ‘professionalism, expertise and public-facing role' of the SQP. It hopes to improve understanding of the training, qualification and regulation underpinning their daily work.
It was inspired by research from the Animal Medicines Training Regulatory Authority (AMTRA), a not-for-profit organisation which supports the future of the SQP profession, which suggested a need for increased awareness of SQPs’ work.
According to AMTRA’s survey, only 48 per cent of animal owner respondents knew that SQPs had to be both qualified and regulated. Meanwhile 92 per cent of SQPs felt there should be more understanding of the profession across the industry.
AMTRA collaborated with other SQP regulators, Vetpol and VetSkill, to create the campaign toolkit.
The organisations have created a variety of in-practice resources for promoting SQPs, as well as social and digital communications assets. This includes downloadable materials, practical activation ideas and guidance for building engagement across different settings.
AMTRA is encouraging stakeholders to begin planning early ahead of the national week in June.
Stephen Dawson, CEO of AMTRA, said: “National SQP Week is an important opportunity to shine a light on the SQP profession in a way that hasn’t been done before. SQPs are thoroughly trained animal medicines advisors who prescribe and supply a range of animal medicines and provide appropriate advice to millions of owners every year, ensuring animals get the right treatments safely and responsibly. This is a role that rightly deserves to be celebrated for the positive impact it has on animal wellbeing.
“The campaign aims to highlight not only the positive contribution SQPs make to animal health and welfare, but also the depth of knowledge and expertise they bring to the livestock, companion animal and equine sectors.”
Download the toolkit here.
Image © AMTRA/National SQP Week

Consultation begins on flea and tick treatments
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has called for evidence on the presence of flea and tick treatments in the UK’s rivers and streams.
The Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) is considering a change to flea and tick treatment sales, meaning they could only be accessible from veterinary professionals, pharmacists or Suitably Qualified Persons (SQPs).
Its consultation follows VMD-funded research, which revealed that the application of some flea and tick treatments was contributing to the chemicals in watercourses. The VMD found that this happened through wastewater pathways, as well as when treated pets swam in natural bodies of water.
Defra’s own monitoring reveals that chemical concentrations in the water were frequently exceeding the toxicity which aquatic insects can handle. The residue has been identified in river sediments, fish tissue, wild bird nests and coastal waters.
This suggested that there were multiple pathways through which contamination was occurring.
Defra says that, while these medications play an essential role in animal and human health, the increasing evidence of environmental contamination has prompted the VMD to consult on medicine sales.
The eight-week consultation is seeking views on the data on environmental contamination. It also hopes to understand how changes to the supply routes of flea and tick treatments may affect animal welfare, pet owners, businesses and access to medicines.
The VMD has no plans to entirely ban their sale.
Abigail Seager, VMD’s chief executive officer, said: "We know that fipronil and imidacloprid play an important role in protecting pets and people from parasites and the diseases they can carry. However, these substances are entering our waterways and may be having wider environmental impacts.
“As part of the call for evidence we want to hear as many perspectives as possible to ensure future decisions help us maintain appropriate availability of veterinary medicines on the UK market, while protecting animal health and the environment.”
The consultation will close on 11 June 2026. Responses can be submitted via Citizen Space or by email to consultation@vmd.gov.uk
Image © Aleksandar Djordjevic/Shutterstock

BVNA to honour 'unsung heroes' of veterinary care
The campaign forms part of Veterinary Nursing Awareness Month 2026
The BVNA is set to celebrate the ‘unsung heroes’ of the veterinary nursing profession as part of its 2026 Veterinary Nursing Awareness Month (VNAM) campaign.
Under the theme ‘Compassion and Empathy’, the organisation is inviting veterinary clients and colleagues to shine a light on the RVNS and SVNs who go above and beyond the call of duty — often behind the scenes and without recognition.
The organisation is particularly seeking nominations from clients whose lives have been touched by compassionate nursing care and colleagues who witness the day-to-day emotional labour, professionalism and dedication that often goes unseen.
Throughout VNAM, the BVNA will also explore how veterinary nurses demonstrate compassion and empathy every day, whether towards their patients or the people around them, and underpin the skilled care they provide.
BVNA President, Sarah Holliday, said: “I am delighted to launch this year’s VNAM, which also follows my Presidential theme of ‘Compassion and Empathy’.
“Throughout May, we will be highlighting how these qualities are integral to everything veterinary nurses do - from providing dedicated and skilled care to animals of all species, supporting animal caregivers in sometimes difficult and emotional situations, and offering a listening ear to colleagues. Often, this goes on behind the scenes; VNAM is a crucial opportunity to put a spotlight on the incredible work carried out by veterinary nurses every day.
“I encourage the whole veterinary profession to get involved, showcasing to the public just how much veterinary nurses contribute to their teams and to animal welfare. It’s an ideal opportunity to get creative with your team – and BVNA has provided lots of resources on our website to help to generate ideas.”
She continued: “I also look forward to reading the nominations of inspiring individuals and teams who deserve to be showcased for bringing compassion and empathy into their work every day. Receiving this recognition provides a real boost for the recipients and reminds them that their work does not go unnoticed – nominations only take a few minutes to submit but make a real impact.”
The nomination form for the BVNA’s Unsung Heroes campaign is available on the BVNA website.
Image (C) BVNA.

Campaigners protest omission of cats from government welfare strategy
The march brought together Cats Protection supporters, volunteers and staff.
Campaigners gathered in Parliament Square on Tuesday (14 April) to protest the abandonment of cats from the government’s recent Animal Welfare Strategy.
Led by feline welfare charity Cats Protection, the march brought together supporters, volunteers and staff to highlight the largely unregulated trade in kittens and cats.
Representatives from the charity also handed over a petition to 10 Downing Street, containing more than 60,000 signatures, which urges the government to introduce regulation of cat breeding in England.
Madison Rogers, associate director of advocacy and campaigns at Cats Protection, said: “By failing to introduce even basic safeguards for cat breeding, the Government has left cats exposed to severe health problems and lifelong suffering. While other species have been recognised within the Animal Welfare Strategy, cats – one of the nation’s most popular companion animals – have been completely overlooked.
“This lack of action is allowing a largely unregulated breeding market to thrive, where underage, sick and genetically compromised kittens can be bred and sold with little oversight. Rising demand for extreme‑trait breeds, fuelled by social media trends, is becoming a ticking time bomb for cat welfare, despite the well‑documented and lifelong health issues these cats can face.
“Today’s action shows just how strongly the public feels about this issue. More than 60,000 people have added their names to our call for change, and they are right to expect the Government to act. Cats deserve the same protections as other animals, and we urgently need clear commitments to close these welfare gaps and prevent further suffering.”
Image (C) Cats Protection.

Applications open for £80k AWF research fund
The grant programme supports projects that focus on animal welfare.
The Animal Welfare Foundation (AWF) — the charitable arm of the British Veterinary Association — has opened up a new £80,000 research fund.
Veterinary professionals and researchers are encouraged to apply for the funding, which has been bolstered by an additional £50,000 this year thanks to generous legacy donations.
While there is no set limit, the AWF aims to fund a number of projects from the total £80,000 pot that aim to solve pressing animal welfare issues.
Projects should start in 2026, be relevant to veterinary and allied professionals in the UK and should last no more than 36 months.
“High-quality research is the cornerstone to improving animal welfare, providing the evidence needed to successfully push for innovation and change,” commented AWF chair, Julian Kupfer.
“The Animal Welfare Foundation’s research grant programme has been at the forefront of this movement, supporting the best and the brightest professionals to deliver projects that are making a tangible difference. This year we’re excited to be able to increase this funding significantly to help continue to build a valuable evidence base for improving animal welfare.”
Chair of AWF’s Grants committee, Nicola Gladden, added: “We have a fantastic amount of funding to be able to offer to one or more research projects this year and it really is thanks to the generous legacy donation we received last year.
“Legacies, no matter how large or how small, are so important to AWF, they enable us to continue supporting much needed research as well as education into the field of animal welfare. If you are thinking about leaving a legacy in your will, please do consider AWF to help us continue helping to improve animal welfare in the UK.”
The deadline for submission is midnight on Sunday 10 May 2026. For more information visit the Animal Welfare Foundation website.
Image (C) create jobs 5/Shutterstock.

SCOPS launches Blowfly Emergence Forecast
The Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep (SCOPS) is now hosting a Blowfly Emergence Forecast on its website.
The decision support tool is designed to guide farmers with taking a proactive approach to flystrike prevention.
While blowflies usually emerge in spring, variable weather patterns mean that they are sometimes emerging earlier or later than expected. This variability means farmers can be caught out if they rely solely on fixed calendar-based routines.
The blowfly forecast, much like SCOPS’ Nematodirus forecast, uses high quality weather data from over 140 weather stations around the UK. The data focuses specifically on predicted blowfly emergence, ensuring farmers can begin close inspection and preventative strategies.
The map presents risk as a simple colour-coded system:
• Grey – fly emergence unlikely
• Yellow – fly emergence possible soon
• Orange – fly emergence likely soon
• Red – flies emerging
Once an area turns red, it will remain red for the rest of blowfly season. Once flies are present, they remain capable of causing strike on the farm.
SCOPS has stressed that emergence risk is not the same as cases of flystrike. Farmers, SQPs and veterinary professionals are urged to report confirmed cases of flystrike using the Elanco flystrike reporting system.
Whether strike occurs can depend on a number of local factors, including fly population levels, weather conditions, fleece length and cleanliness, grazing environment and field shelter.
The tool is designed to be an early warning tool, which should prompt farmers to check sheep more closely and consider appropriate preventative strategies.
Kevin Harrison, chair of SCOPS, said: “Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to flystrike. Once strike occurs, the consequences for sheep welfare and productivity can be severe.
“Having an accurate indication of when blowflies are first emerging in spring allows farmers to put preventative measures in place in good time.”
The Blowfly Emergence Forecast tool can be accessed here.
Image © Staronaut/Shutterstock

New bird-feeding guidelines set amid disease outbreak
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) has urged bird-lovers to reduce the feed they offer garden birds during the summer months.
In its new guidance, the organisation warns that supplementary feeding could promote the spread of diseases in the garden, including the parasite trichomonosis.
Trichomonosis spreads most easily in places where birds gather in large numbers, such as feeders. Infected birds may then spread the parasite through regurgitated food and saliva, indirectly contaminating such food and water sources.
The disease may also be spread when they feed other birds.
When contracted, trichomonosis can affect the mouth, throat and upper digestive tract. This makes it difficult for infected birds to eat, drink and breathe.
As part of its new guidance for feeding garden birds, the RSPB is calling on bird-lovers to ‘Feed seasonally. Feed safely’.
From 1 May to 31 October, the RSPB is advising people to feed birds only a small amount of mealworms, fat balls and suet. During the colder months, from 1 November to 30 April, they can resume feeding birds a full range of food, including seeds and peanuts.
Food should be kept as dry as possible, and should be eaten within two days.
Bird feeders and water baths must be cleaned at least once a week, to remove old food and droppings. RSPB also stresses that bird baths should only be offered if they are refilled daily with fresh tap water.
The charity says that feeders must be moved regularly to prevent the build-up of contaminated debris underneath. Multiple feeders should be spaced apart to prevent large gatherings of birds, and also prevent mixing between species.
However, the RSPB advises against placing feeders underneath spaces where birds roost, such as trees.
The charity also warns against flat-surface feeders, such as bird tables and window feeders.
Since birds affected by trichomonosis often struggle to swallow food, they may regurgitate contaminated food onto the flat surface for healthy birds to pick up. Even daily feeder cleaning will not prevent healthy birds ingesting infected food.
A Scottish SPCA spokesperson said: “Our Animal Rescue Officers and wildlife rescue centre regularly see high numbers of bird with trichomonas in the summer months with various degrees of severity.
“The guidance, designed to reduce bird density at feeding stations and improve hygiene practices, is an important factor in reducing the spread of the disease in birds.”
Image © Shutterstock.com/taviphoto

Zoo welcomes endangered giant otter triplets
The birth brings hope for this rapidly declining species.
Conservationists at Chester Zoo have hailed the birth of three giant otters as “a hugely special moment”, marking the first time the species has been born at the zoo in several years.
Rachael Boatwright, assistant team manager of carnivores at Chester Zoo, said the triplets “are healthy and thriving” and will soon be able to explore the great outdoors.
The pups, who have yet to be named, were born to first-time parents, Bonita and Manu, as part of an international conservation effort to boost the species. With fewer than 5,000 giant otters thought to remain in the wild, this latest arrival is considered to be a rare boost for the species.
Ms Boatwright said: “The pups recently had their very first health check-up at eight weeks old, where they were weighed and had their heart, teeth and overall condition assessed by the zoo’s vets. We’re delighted to confirm that all three are healthy and thriving- and that we have two male and one female pup.
“At eight weeks old, the pups will now start to venture outside alongside parents Bonita and Manu, who will start introducing them to the water and all of the essential skills they’ll need as they grow.”
Native to South America, giant otters have been disappearing entirely from parts of their former range owing to deforestation, water pollution and illegal hunting. The species is listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), meaning that, without urgent conservation action, it could be wiped out entirely.
Kirsten Pullen, chief conservation officer at the zoo, said: “Every birth represents genuine hope for this highly endangered species, and these three giant otter pups are an important reminder of what conservation efforts around the world can achieve.
“Wild giant otter populations are facing enormous pressure from widespread habitat loss and pollution in their freshwater ecosystems, so the international conservation breeding programme has become a vital safety net for the species.
“By maintaining healthy, genetically diverse populations in conservation zoos like ours, while also supporting efforts to protect and restore habitats in the wild, we’re hopeful that giant otters can thrive long into the future.”
Image (C) Chester Zoo.

Naturewatch Foundation awards grants for 2026
Naturewatch Foundation has awarded small organisations across the UK a total of £11,000 in funding to support urgent veterinary care, rehabilitation and rehoming.
The animal welfare charity says it received a record number of applications to this year’s Pet Rescue Grant, with 161 organisations applying for support.
Receiving the largest portion was The One Wish Dog Foundation, a foster-based rescue operating across Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire.
The charity has taken in 36 dogs since it was founded in 2025, many of which required urgent care. It also provides emergency foster placements where pets’ owners are facing crisis situation such as homelessness and domestic abuse.
A £6,000 grant will help the charity cover the veterinary treatment of four rescued dogs: Bonnie, Ruby, Charlie and Tally. The dogs are believed to have been abandoned at a local puppy farm, with Tally requiring leg surgery.
Jenna Jones, founder of The One Wish Dog Foundation, said: “For dogs like Bonnie, Ruby, Charlie and Tally, who endured fear, exploitation and neglect before arriving at One Wish, this funding is truly life-changing.”
Tiny Paws MCR, which provides small animal rescue in Manchester, received a £4,000 grant.
Founded in 2019, the organisation particularly focuses on the rescue and rehabilitation of rats and rodents. It also provides adopters with lifelong support.
The grant will fund the organisation’s Rabbit Refuge programme, helping approximately 14 rabbits to essential veterinary care, including neutering and vaccinations.
Meanwhile the £1,000 mini-grant has been awarded to The Neuter Project in Kent. The initiative provides free neutering services to independent rescues and sanctuaries.
The project has neutered over 1,600 animals, supporting around 50 rescues nationwide and saving them more than £250,000 in costs.
Angie Hamp, The Neuter Project founder, said: “This means so much to us. The money is equivalent to around two months' running cost for us.
“To give you an idea of how far this will go £1,000 will neuter 50 cats, 10 to 20 dogs or around 30 rabbits and guinea pigs.”
Image © Naturewatch Foundation

Next-gen CT scanner could benefit One Health medicine
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies has installed a next generation CT scanner, which could benefit both veterinary and human medicine.
The Siemens Healthineers SOMATOM X.ceed scanner, which has been compared to those used in human healthcare, has been installed for its world-leading ability to study diseases in large animals.
It is now located at the Large Animal Research and Imaging Facility (LARIF), where it delivers high-resolution images of tissues and organs. It is also the first such device to be equipped with laser guidance, which will help to direct surgical interventions such as biopsies.
The scanner has been designed for precision medicine approaches, which can be tailored to individual patients. It will support accurate delivery of drugs to diseased areas, improve understanding of disease progression and better evaluate treatment responses.
It is also expected to enhance the translation of results from animal bioscience research, where it will align imaging methods used with the precision medicine approaches employed in human medicine.
The LARIF will use the scanner to support its existing studies, in which it uses large animals as models of human disease, such as neuroscience, oncology and cardiovascular disease. This will contribute to its gene editing and gene therapy work, which could lead to innovative treatments for human disorders.
Dr Mark Gray, from the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, said: “This next-generation CT scanner enables significant improvements in image resolution compared with our previous scanning capabilities, supporting the School’s world-leading research environment.
“It greatly enhances our ability to perform interventional procedures with increased precision and efficiency, akin to those conducted on human patients.
“This major investment will significantly enhance our capacity for high-resolution CT across One Health research, supporting a wide range of interdisciplinary and translational projects.”
Image © Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies

Study to develop 'intelligent' HCM stethoscope
Researchers have received funding to create an ‘intelligent stethoscope’ to aid the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats.
José Novo Matos received funding from BSAVA PetSavers and the Veterinary Cardiovascular Society to develop the AI-assisted technology for GP veterinary professionals.
HCM is the most common heart disease in cats, and affects one in seven cats in the general population. Most cats remain asymptomatic, however up to 30 per cent will develop congestive heart failure, aortic thromboembolism or sudden cardiac death.
The condition is usually diagnosed using echocardiography, which requires specialist expertise and equipment.
Researchers say that, since there are few veterinary cardiologists to screen affected cats, many cats remain undiagnosed and at risk. They hope to create a simple, accessible diagnostic tool that will improve early detection and care.
The new project will see veterinary cardiologists collaborate with engineers that specialise in acoustics and biomedical technology.
It will build upon researchers’ previous work on AI, which was used to grade heart murmurs in dogs and assist the staging of myxomatous valve disease. An algorithm will be trained, using recordings from an electronic stethoscope, to detect and characterise heart murmurs in cats.
The researchers hope that the creation of this tool will enable general practitioners to identify cats at risk of HCM during their routine clinical examinations. It would also help GPs to identify which cats should be referred for echocardiography.
The project will see a collaboration between the University of Cambridge’s Department of Veterinary Medicine, the Royal Veterinary College, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Willows Veterinary Centre and the University of Cambridge Department of Engineering.
José Novo Matos said: “I have a particular interest in cardiomyopathies, which represent a heterogeneous group of diseases influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors.
“This multifactorial nature poses significant challenges for early diagnosis and for predicting disease progression. Importantly, feline cardiomyopathies closely mirror their human counterparts in terms of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and genetic background, providing a robust One Health model for translational research.”
Image © PH888/Shutterstock

Research identifies biomarkers of osteoarthritis in dogs
The study could lead to earlier diagnosis in humans and animals.
A new study has identified biomarkers for early canine osteoarthritis, paving the way for earlier detection in both dogs and humans.
Using high-resolution micro-computed tomography (CT), researchers at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) mapped the femoral head of dogs treated with total hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis.
Their findings show that in the earliest stages of osteoarthritis, the inner regions predictably change their bone structure pattern, allowing for early identification of the disease.
As the disease progresses, the dense layer of bone below the joint surface becomes more porous in proportion to the increasing severity of osteoarthritis, distinguishing mild from severe changes.
This is the first time this advanced form of evaluation has been performed in dogs or humans. It has also been published in the leading human journal, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, underscoring the value of a One Health approach to disease research.
Professor Richard Meeson, Professor of Orthopaedics at the RVC, and senior author of the paper, said: “Osteoarthritis is a devastating disease affecting both people and pets. Every day in our orthopaedic referral clinic, I see dogs suffering from its severe effects.
“What is truly exciting is that through our clinical work, we can transform the lives of dogs through hip replacement surgery, and we have also been able to drive forward pioneering research at the RVC. This research has provided new insights into the disease and, crucially, brings us closer to diagnosing osteoarthritis at a much earlier stage.”
The team now hope to match the changes with clinical scans to develop improved non-invasive approaches to assessing joint health at much earlier stages of disease.
Dr Gareth Jones, former PhD Student at the RVC and lead author of the paper, said: “Uniquely, our pet dogs share our environment and lifestyles and often develop the same diseases.
“It is therefore pleasing to see greater acceptance of the opportunity to learn from veterinary diseases to also understand human diseases, through our One Health approach, with this work on dogs being published in such an esteemed human research journal.”
Image (C) Wirestock Creators/Shutterstock.

Study highlights circulation of antibiotic resistance in agriculture
The findings reinforce the importance of a One Health approach
Researchers at The Roslin Institute have identified a link between high antibiotic resistance and poultry farming in Malawi.
The discovery, described in PLOS Public Global Health, highlights the need for targeted stewardship and a One Health response.
In the study, Roslin Institute researchers joined forces with fellows from the Fleming Fund - an initiative that aims to improve antimicrobial surveillance, raise public awareness and promote responsible antibiotic use in low-and middle-income countries.
Tests on samples of E.coli bacteria from poultry, farm workers and the surrounding community revealed high levels of resistance to the commonly used antibiotic, cotrimoxazole. This resistance was across animals, humans and the environment, suggesting that resistance is circulating between them.
Conversely, resistance to ceftriaxone - a drug used in hospitals - remained relatively low, highlighting the importance of protecting the drug’s effectiveness.
The study also found that the use of commercial feed, keeping chickens in enclosed spaces and prior antibiotic use were linked to higher levels of antimicrobial resistance. Some farmers were administering antibiotics intended for humans to poultry.
The findings were presented to the Monitoring, Evaluation, Research and Surveillance Technical Working Group of Malawi’s Ministry of Health and Sanitation. Researchers will now work with the country’s Antimicrobial Resistance National Coordinating Centre to translate the findings into practical steps.
“These findings reinforce the importance of a One Health approach to tackling antibiotic resistance,” commented Dr Stella Mazeri, of the Roslin Institute, and former Fleming Fund Deputy-Director.
“It was a privilege to support the Phase 1 Malawi Fellows in their collaborative project, contributing to evidence that can help guide more effective and context-specific interventions.”
Image (C) Akindele Aremu-cole/Shutterstock

Survey sheds light on orf management
The disease remains widespread on UK sheep farms.
A survey conducted by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) has identified a number of opportunities to improve the prevention and control of orf virus.
A common viral disease of goats and sheep, orf virus one of the biggest causes of economic loss to sheep farmers globally. However, there is little understanding about how often the disease occurs and how it is managed.
A total of 421 UK sheep farmers participated in the research, making this the first UK-based study of this scale to investigate farmers’ current orf treatment practices.
The findings show that orf remains widespread on UK sheep farms, with 88.8 per cent of respondents reporting having identified orf lesions in their sheep. An average treatment cost of £5 per affected lamb and £100 per affected flock were reported by the farmers, underscoring the ongoing economic impact of the disease.
The most reported treatment used by 65.2 per cent of respondents was topical antibiotic sprays. A further 26.7 per cent used injectable antibiotics and 22.7 per cent reported using both injectable and topical antibiotics.
A notable 13.6 per cent of respondents used salt licks as part of their orf treatment practices. However, only 34.5 per cent said they used pain relief in affected animals.
Just 23.8 per cent of farmers flock consulted a veterinary surgeon when orf was suspected.
Importantly, the study highlighted several human health conditions. A third of respondents reported having contracted orf themselves.
Those who reported wearing gloves some or all of the time was significantly less likely to contract the disease, with their likelihood of infection only 64 per cent of that of those who never wore gloves.
Researchers say their findings highlight the need for discussion between sheep farmers and vets on treatment options, the zoonotic risk and the importance of ensuring other diseases with similar clinical presentations are not overlooked – and that antimicrobials are only used when necessary.
Beth Reilly, Senior Teaching Fellow in Small Ruminant Health and Flock Management at the RVC, said: “Our online survey set out to establish current orf treatment practices on UK sheep holdings, as there is currently no licenced treatment.
Eighty eight percent of respondents had seen orf on their holdings and reported a wide variety of treatments. An unexpected finding was the use of salt licks by 13.6 per cent of respondents as part of orf treatment, highlighting the need for further research into the potential of this for orf treatment and control.”
David Charles, International Business Development Manager at NoBACZ Healthcare, said: “Orf virus remains one of the big causes of economic and production loss to sheep farmers globally. Until recently, the true prevalence and economic impact have likely been underestimated, with the most recent previous work being done over a decade ago.
“At NoBACZ, we are proud to be a highly evidence-based company, and we were thrilled to work with the RVC on this research to improve our understanding of this challenging disease: widening the evidence-base and growing our sector's understanding of prevalence, economic impact and understanding what farmers were using.
“Crucially, this data has shown just how much antibiotic is used for what is a viral disease, clearly showing areas where we can support education and behaviour changes to lead to improved antimicrobial stewardship and increase the responsible use of antibiotics."
Image (C) Aleksandar Malivuk/Shutterstock

ECG test could highlight equine exercise arrhythmias
A routine electrocardiogram (ECG) could reveal horses at risk of cardiac arrhythmias during high-intensity exercise.
In a new study, led by the University of Surrey, researchers suggest that ECGs could prevent cardiac events in otherwise healthy horses, even when there are no obvious signs of arrhythmia.
Researchers recorded ambulatory ECGs from 110 US-based Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses as they underwent routine training. Using 60-second ECG segments from each horse, they tested six different AI algorithms.
The artificial intelligence system, developed at the University of Surrey, is trained to measure the ‘disorderliness’ of the heart’s electrical signal. It is able to recognise the horses most likely to develop premature beats at peak exercise, using short ECG readings taken at rest or during exercise.
The best-performing algorithm achieved an area under the curve of 0.86 in distinguishing horses with exercising arrhythmias.
Most importantly, the test was also highly effective at ruling out horses that were not at risk of exercising arrhythmias. Horses which do screen positive can then be referred for a full exercising ECG, which would confirm the type and severity of any arrhythmia.
The current method for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias would see vets monitor ECGs during high-intensity exercise. Earlier identification of horses at higher risk of cardiac arrhythmia is expected to lead to more informed monitoring and management, particularly improving the welfare of racehorses.
It builds upon research from the Jeevaratnam group, which previously demonstrated how complexity-based ECG analysis could detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Since the methods work at different heart rate ranges, vets could screen for both conditions with a single diagnostic session.
Prof Kamalan Jeevaratnam, head of the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Surrey, said: “What this work shows is that we can pick up warning signs for more impactful rhythm disturbances from a simple, short heart recording taken before the horse ever reaches peak intensity.
“Instead of waiting for an arrhythmia to appear, we can flag at-risk horses during a routine warm-up and support closer monitoring of these horses during exercise.”
Image © Mick Atkins/Shutterstock.com

New primate regulations come into force
The RSPCA has warned that up to 5,000 primates could be at risk of abandonment, after new regulations came into effect yesterday (6 April).
Under the Primate Licences law, all private primate keepers must hold a valid licence. They must also ensure animals are kept in conditions which meet their complex welfare needs.
However, data from Born Free, the wildlife charity, suggested that there has been a limited uptake of licences to date.
Meanwhile, the RSPCA recorded 238 reports of primate neglect and cruelty between 2021 and 2025. This includes preventable health problems, which occur due to poor diet and a lack of natural light, as well as a difficulty in accessing specialist vet care.
The charity believes that, should this trend continue, many animals will be kept illegally or in secret in unsuitable conditions. It warns that some animals could even be abandoned by keepers seeking a quick escape from the regulations.
It is now urging those keeping a primate without a licence to contact their local authority as soon as possible and seek guidance to become compliant with the new laws.
Evangeline Button, senior scientific and policy officer for the RSPCA, said: “The introduction of primate licenses in England is an important step forward for animal welfare, helping to ensure these animals are kept in more appropriate conditions, but there is still a real concern about what happens next for the thousands of primates currently being kept as pets.
“It is now a legal requirement for anyone keeping a primate to hold a licence and to meet strict welfare standards. Anyone who has not obtained a licence may be committing an offence and should seek urgent advice from their local authority.”
She added: “Ultimately we believe primates should not be kept as pets. We want to see a future where monkeys are no longer kept in homes, but protected in environments that truly meet their needs.”
More information about the regulations can be found on the government website.
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