Clinical Abstracts and blogs

Eye problems in the horse
The size and prominence of the equine eye means that disease and injury to the eye are common occurrences. Many...

Locating neurological lesions
Whilst neurology is an area of specialisation, most neurological lesions initially present in first opinion practice. Therefore, every general...

Common calving problems
The objectives for managing a cow at calving should be the same regardless of whether the cow is in a...

A forelimb amputation in a guinea pig with osteomyelitis
Guinea pigs are commonly-owned, exotic small mammals and present frequently to veterinary surgeons in general practice. Small mammal limb injuries...

Poisoning – the bigger picture: pigs, sheep, goats and horses
The Veterinary Poisons Information Service answer enquiries about any animal – big or small – and although larger animals represent...

Team member disputes – managing difficult employment relationships before they affect the wider practice
Stephenie Malone, specialist employment solicitor at Harrison Clark Rickerbys solicitors, discusses team member disputes in the veterinary practice. Difference and...

Whom to choose? Clearing confusion about appropriate behaviour and training referral services
In this article, Karen Wild, ASAB-Certificated Clinical Animal Behaviourist, explores the options for veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and owners regarding the...

Orangutans learn bed-making from watching their mothers
Primatologists from the University of Warwick have revealed that young orangutans learn to make their beds from watching others.
Sumatran orangutans will carefully watch their mothers and companions construct a nest, before practising each of the steps they observed.
A well-built nest is essential for the survival of many primates. As well as keeping the orangutans warm and secure while up high, the nests keep them safe from predators and even have anti-mosquito properties.
There are two types of nest that a Sumatran orangutan may build for themselves in the wild. While a ‘day nest’ is a basic and practical frame, a ‘night nest’ can go as high as 20m in the tree canopy and includes a roof and other comfort elements.
The research group, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute, observed orangutans for long durations over the course of many years to establish how they were building these structures.
When orangutans were actively watching their mothers making nests, they were likely to follow it up by practicing building their own nests.
However, if the orangutan was distracted while their mother built the nest, they generally did not go on to practice themselves. This highlights the importance of active watching for them to develop this vital skill.
Special attention was usually paid to the more complex parts of nest-making, such as adding the comfort elements.
As they grew older, the orangutans would find new role models to diversify their building knowledge. New role models enabled them to diversify knowledge of tree types, materials and methods.
Caroline Schuppli, senior author of the study fro the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, said: “Aside from learning ‘how to’ build a nest, immature orangutans also appear to learn the ‘know-what’ of which materials to use. The choice of tree species is important, and infants — who primarily peer at their mothers — are more likely to select the same species their mothers use."
“Just like human teenagers finding their own path, maturing orangutans increasingly peer at the nest-building of others and begin experimenting with the tree species those individuals use."
The full study can be found in the journal Nature Communications Biology.
Image © Shutterstock

FIVP launches CMA remedies survey
FIVP has shared a survey, inviting those working in independent practice to share their views on the CMA’s proposed remedies.
The Impact Assessment will help inform the group’s response to the CMA, as it prepares to submit further evidence to the Inquiry Group. FIVP will also be attending a hearing in November.
Data will be anonymised and used solely for FIVP’s response to the CMA. The survey will close on Friday, 31 October 2025.
Image © FIVP

Bluetongue reaches Wales for first time in 2025
There have been a total of 109 bluetongue cases in Great Britain this vector season.
The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) has revealed that bluetongue has been confirmed in Wales for the first time in 2025.
In their latest statistics, APHA records a total of 109 cases of BTV-3 or BTV-8 in Great Britain in the 2025-2026 vector season.
The total number of BTV-3 cases in Great Britain this season is 107. This includes 103 cases within the England restricted zone and four cases in Wales.
There has also been two cases of BTV-8, which were both in Cornwall.
As a result of the cases in Wales, a Temporary Control Zone (TCZ) is enforced in Monmouthshire. Animals can move freely under general license within the England Restricted Zone, however animals with suspected bluetongue must stay on their holding.
All premises testing positive for blue tongue can be viewed on this map.
Image © Rob Fuller/Shutterstock.com

Sarah Holliday becomes new BVNA president
Sarah Holliday DipVN VTS(Oncology) NCert(Behaviour) RVN has been officially named as the British Veterinary Nursing Association’ (BVNA) president for 2025-2026.
She made her inaugural speech at the recent BVNA Congress, where she revealed her presidential theme of ‘compassion and empathy’.
Ms Holliday has worked as a registered veterinary nurse since 2008, taking on a variety of clinical and non-clinical roles in both primary care and referral settings. She is currently a senior oncology nurse at a large referral hospital.
As president, Ms Holliday says she will prioritise ‘listening’ to the voice of veterinary nurses. She has said she will ensure veterinary nurses are “recognised, respected and represented” in veterinary clinics, the wider profession and in society.
She said: “I believe this theme showcases the holistic nature of RVNs. We embed compassion in every part of our roles and it is at the heart of all we do.
“My vision is that this theme enables us to highlight the impact veterinary nurses have on our patients, their families and those within the profession. I am sure we all have an example of when a veterinary nurse’s compassion has made a real difference to someone’s life.”
Following her two-year term as BVNA president, Lyndsay Hughes RVN now steps into the role of BVNA senior vice president.
Ms Hughes reflected on the ongoing issues in the veterinary nursing sector, including the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and the proposed reform of the Veterinary Surgeons Act.
Ms Hughes said: “[BVNA has] worked tirelessly to represent you on national platforms, in discussions with policymakers, and in partnership with other veterinary organisations. We have continued to push forward initiatives on mental health and wellbeing, professional recognition, and career development.”
The BVNA Congress also saw Jane More, who was president of the BVNA from 1998 to 1999, awarded an honorary membership to the BVNA. Ms More has worked in the veterinary profession for over 50 years, and served nine years on the BVNA council.
The rest of this year’s BVNA Officer team includes junior vice president Steph Worsley RVN, honorary secretary Nikki McLeod RVN and honorary treasurer Hamish Morrin RVN.
Image © BVNA

CMA remedies spark closure fears for independent practice
The owner of independent practice has raised concerns about the impact of the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) plans on the future of their business.
In an open letter, shared by the Federation of Independent Veterinary Practices (FIVP), the practice owner criticises recommendations which could see veterinary professionals directing clients to online pharmacies for their medication.
The CMA has said that this measure would direct clients towards ‘savings’ on their pet’s medication. It is also considering making it mandatory for veterinary professionals to produce prescriptions where medicine is required frequently, with prescription fees capped at £16.
The practice owner says that their business could be forced to send clients and data to corporate-owned pharmacies, losing vital revenue from the sales of medication.
They write: ‘I will still need to balance the books (or go out of business) and so the lost revenue from sales of medications will have to be met somewhere.
‘Where? Increased fees; it will cost more to see a vet. It will cost more to remove that lump, or neuter your pet, or take a blood test.’
The practice owner says they could also be forced to reduce their consultation times or make reductions to their staff. They warn that, unless they take these measures, the practice could be forced out of business.
They reflect that their practice is fortunate to have scope to increase its prices to meet an ‘anticipated shortfall’.
The letter closes: ‘So, I will keep on being the open, honest, transparent and caring vet that I have always been. I’ll just get even more stressed by the ridiculous outcome of the CMA.
‘Independent veterinary practice, and competition within the sector is AT RISK from the CMA, not improved by it.’
A spokesperson for FIVP added: ‘We hope all those involved in creating policies and remedies for the veterinary profession will listen to the concerns of those providing veterinary care in our communities.’
FIVP has also launched a survey for those working in independent practice to share their views on the CMA’s proposed remedy package. The survey, Impact Assessment of the CMA’s proposed measures for the veterinary sector on independent practices, closes on Friday, 31 October 2025.
Image © FIVP

Funding boost for workplace wellbeing research
The RCVS has revealed the recipients of its 2025 mental health research grants.
Two projects evaluating reasonable adjustments for student veterinary nurses and workplace wellbeing have been awarded a share of £20,000 of funding from the RCVS Mind Matters Initiative (MMI).
A £5,000 Discovery Grant was awarded to a project evaluating the implementation of reasonable adjustments in addressing mental health and neurodivergence for SVNs during clinical placement.
The project is being carried out by Dr Heather Imrie MRCVS, Dr Lauren Cooke MRCVS, Dr Gregory Steele MRCVS and Nicola-Jayne Johnson RVN, at Nottingham Trent University.
Professor Elinor O’Connor from the University of Manchester, and Dr Kevin Teoh from Birkbeck, University of London, were awarded a £15,000 Impact Grant for their project researching interventions to support veterinary wellbeing in the workplace.
RCVS director for the advancement of the professions, Angharad Belcher, said: “Research has an essential role to play in creating evidence-based support, which can then go on to directly support veterinary professionals and the wider sector.
“Since 2019, through Mind Matters we’ve provided over £155,000 of funding to a wide range of veterinary mental health research projects focused on contemporary challenges and are proud to be supporting work which has tangible outcomes.”
Discovery Grant recipient, Dr Heather Imrie, said: “We are delighted and grateful to receive this grant, which will allow us to explore the challenges of mental health and neurodivergence faced by student veterinary nurses in their clinical placements.
“As a pro-active educational institution, with many years’ experience of training student veterinary nurses, we at Nottingham Trent University plan to shine broader light on this under-represented but essential group within the veterinary community.”
Impact Grant recipient Professor Elinor O’Connor, added: “Our project will develop evidence-based, practical guidance for veterinary workplaces on identifying and implementing effective interventions to support staff wellbeing. In particular, the focus will be on interventions that address systemic sources of stress, such as workload, rather than interventions that rely largely – or solely – on individual coping skills.
“This shift in approach has the potential to foster healthier workplace cultures, reduce burnout, and enhance staff engagement and retention in the veterinary sector.”
Image (C) © fizkes/Shutterstock.com

BEVA adds new Seller's Declaration to vet toolkit
The British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) has introduced a new Pre Purchase Examination (PPE) Seller’s Declaration to its veterinary toolkit.
The new Declaration provides a more extensive, stand-alone document that buyers can request directly from horse sellers before a PPE begins.
A five-stage PPE is an important procedure in horse purchases, used to support prospective buyers to make a decision about the horse they are buying. The Seller’s Declaration is completed prior to the PPE, and directs the attending veterinary surgeon with their examination.
The previous Seller’s Declaration was a part of a PPE Worksheet and provided veterinary surgeons with a set of questions to ask the seller.
BEVA’s new Seller’s Declaration is completed by the seller themselves before any formal PPE commences. The seller is obliged to share vital information regarding previous lameness, stereotypies, management requirements, veterinary interventions and more.
Lucy Grieve, veterinary projects officer at BEVA, said: “The advantage is it cuts out the vet as a middleman… asking if the horse has received any medication, or coughs on dry hay and so on,
“The new Seller’s Declaration means that the seller should declare those things to the buyer straight off. If completed in advance, it should give the buyer more robust information on which to base proceeding with the PPE or not.”
The latest version has been developed by the BEVA, in collaboration with British Equine (BEF) and British Horse Society (BHS), with the views of making the process easier for buyers, sellers and veterinary professionals. It joins a new digital BEVA PPE guide, a new BEVA PPE worksheet and other useful links in BEVA’s new PPE toolkit.
Gemma Stanford, director of horse care and welfare at British Horse Society, added: “We always urge a buyer to make careful considerations when going through the process of purchasing a horse. It’s a decision that should never be rushed and one that needs to be made with every detail to hand.”
BEVA’s new Seller’s Declaration Form and other useful resources from the PPE toolkit can be accessed online now.
Image © AnnaElizabeth photography/Shutterstock
Cattle TB vaccine field trials begin next phase
New vaccine has the potential to protect animals and prevent transmission.
The Animal Plant Health Agency (APHA) has confirmed a third phase of field trials for a cattle vaccine and companion skin test for bovine tuberculosis (bTB).
The trials, which are taking place on commercial livestock farms across the Low-Risk Area in England and the Low TB Area in Wales, are scheduled for completion in 2026.
Phase one and two successfully demonstrated that BCG and its companion Detect Infected among Vaccinated animals (DIVA) skin test are safe to use. The third phase of the trials will gather further data on the performance of the DIVA test and explore options for optimisation.
UK chief veterinary officer, Christine Middlemiss, added: “The UK is at the forefront of global efforts to develop effective TB cattle vaccines, and we are moving ever closer to having an operable vaccine.
“That we are reaching this stage is testament to our world leading scientists in organisations like the Animal Plant Health Agency, but also to the vets and farmers that have taken part in this trial and previous trials.
“If this next phase is successful, we are one step closer to a vaccine which used in conjunction with other measures will help tackle this insidious disease that impacts livestock farmers across the globe.”
Phase 3 will involve at least 10 farms with a total of 750 animals participating. All the animals enrolled will receive the CattleBCG vaccine and the companion DIVA skin test.
Upon completion, APHA will use data from all three trials to support applications for GB Marketing Authorisations for both the cattle vaccine and the skin test.
Dr Camille Szmaragd Harrison, lead scientist for TB at the APHA, said: “Launching this next phase of the trials has been a collective effort, which was only made possible by the unfailing support from across the farming industry. The team and I are particularly grateful to the hundreds of farmers who expressed their interest in taking part in this trial, without them this would not have been possible.”
Chief veterinary officer for Wales, Richard Irvine, added: “I welcome the start of Phase 3 of the field trials on a farm in Wales. It marks another important step towards having a deployable Cattle TB Vaccine to support the eradication of TB from the national herd and to meet the target of a TB free Wales by 2041.”
Image © de Videomakers/Shutterstock.com

Medical Detection Dogs issues call for puppy socialisers
Volunteers will help raise a new litter of golden retriever Labrador cross puppies.
UK charity Medical Detection Dogs is appealing for volunteers to help raise its new litter of assistance puppies.
The four golden retriever Labrador cross puppies were born on 19 July and will one day, be trained to detect serious illnesses such as bowel cancer and Parkinson’s disease, much faster and less invasively than other methods.
The dogs may also go on to provide life-changing support as Medical Alert Assistance Dogs.
Medical Detection Dogs is specifically looking for volunteers to assist with the puppies’ basic daily training, and gradually increase their exposure to public environments.
Chris Allen, head of dog supply and training at Medical Detection Dogs, said: “The arrival of this new litter is a joyful milestone for us, but it comes with a pressing challenge. To continue our groundbreaking work in the fight against life-threatening diseases, we urgently need more volunteer puppy socialisers to step forward.
“Their role is absolutely critical; without them these dogs cannot gain the vital foundations they need to one day save lives as disease detection and assistance dogs”.
Volunteers should ideally be based within an hour of Medical Detection Dogs hubs in Milton Keynes, Essex or Perth.
Socialisers should also be at home regularly with their puppy, provide them with their daily nutritional needs, follow positive training methods, and introduce them to a wide variety of everyday environments.
Image (C) Medical Detection Dogs.

Experts call for action to reduce guinea pig stress
A survey has revealed more than a third of owners can’t recognise the signs.
Almost a third of guinea pig owners cannot recognise signs of stress in their pet, according to new research.
The survey of 248 guinea pig owners also found that while owners are deeply bonded with their pets — 99 per cent regularly talk to their animals — almost half are unconfident in how to reduce stress when it occurs.
Experts say the data highlights the crucial role of the pet care sector in supporting owners to bridge the gap between emotional connection and practical care.
Mary Coles, postgraduate researcher specialising in small animal health and welfare, and trustee of leading charity Guinea Pig Welfare UK, said: “Stress is one of the biggest hidden contributors to poor health in guinea pigs. It can suppress the immune system, disrupt digestion, and make animals far more susceptible to issues like bloat, respiratory infections and urinary tract problems.
“In rescue and clinical settings, we see the effects of chronic stress all too often — and they’re usually preventable. By helping owners understand subtle stress signals and the importance of environmental stability, we can make huge strides in improving welfare outcomes.”
John Chitty, qualified vet and rustee of charity Guinea Pig Welfare UK, added: “The data shows that owners genuinely care about their guinea pigs — they’re talking to them, observing them, and wanting to do right by them. But we need to bridge the gap between emotional connection and practical knowledge.
“The industry can play a pivotal role here: vets by reinforcing stress awareness in consults, retailers by guiding on social housing and enrichment, and rescues by modelling best practice.
“The benefits of better awareness include improved welfare for the animals and more confident, engaged owners who provide better lifelong care.”
The survey was commissioned by Burgess Excel for Guinea Pig Awareness Week (20-24 October).
Image © Leiter1940s/Shutterstock.com

BVA reveals winner of Young Vet of the Year 2025
The British Veterinary Association (BVA) has named mixed animal veterinary surgeon Leah Hunter as this year’s BVA Young Vet of the Year.
The award was presented as part of the association’s second annual BVA Awards, held on 16 October at BVA’s headquarters in London.
A 2021 graduate of the University of Edinburgh, Dr Hunter went on to work as a mixed animal practice Flett and Carmichael Veterinary Surgeons. Both in practice and in the surrounding Orkney countryside, Dr Hunter is praised for her dedication and compassion for her patients.
Outside of the practice, Dr Hunter is closely involved with a number of charities, including as a British Divers Marine Life Rescue (BDMLR) medic and a Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme volunteer. This work sees her respond to emergency call-outs for seals, porpoises and dolphins – providing life-saving first aid.
Dr Hunter said: “I am incredibly honoured to receive this award; this is an amazing way to mark my first four years in the veterinary profession. I am very humbled to even be nominated, let alone win this award, especially when I know how many amazing and talented young vets there are in the UK.
“I truly do love the work that I do, island vetting really is unique and I’m grateful to have the opportunity to help make a difference. I wish a huge congratulations to my fellow finalists too, they are inspiring veterinary professionals, and I wish them all the best with their careers.”
BVA president Rob Williams said: “A huge congratulations to Leah for winning this prestigious award. Her dedication to pets, farm animals and wildlife is exceptional – not content with giving the highest possible care during working hours, her work outside the walls of her practice is also outstanding.”
The BVA Awards ceremony also saw BVA Outstanding Service Award presented to Dr Rachel Dean, the BVA Advancement of Veterinary Science Award presented to Prof Andrew Cunningham, and the BVA Animal Health and Welfare Overseas Award presented to Dr Polly Compston.
Image © British Veterinary Association

Calls for wider vaccination as equine strangles cases rise
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have called for better biosecurity and wider vaccinations, as equine strangles cases rise significantly.
Statistics from the Surveillance of Equine Strangles (SES) network have confirmed over 370 cases so far in 2025. This has surpassed the UK annual average of approximately 300 cases.
The data has been collected by Equine Infectious Disease Surveillance (EIDS) throughout 2025. Researchers say that, because the number of positive cases is significantly higher than previous years, it is likely a genuine increase rather than a year-on-year variation.
In response to these statistics, both EIDS and the SES network have called for veterinary professionals and horse owners to improve yard management practices.
Among the necessary actions highlighted are the isolation of new arrivals, disinfecting shared equipment, and post-outbreak screening. The groups say that even these actions alone can support the control of highly infectious disease.
The University of Cambridge also advocates the use of vaccination to protect horses against strangles. It says, combined with hygiene and regular temperature checking, vaccines can reduce risk of infection and onward spread.
The university refers to a recent study, conducted by EIDS and the Royal Veterinary College, which explored how Streptococcus equi spreads across the UK.
The project tracked the genetic relatedness of S. equi strains from horses between 2016 and 2022, revealing a significant and rapid change in the S. equi population structure during this period. This suggested that acutely affected or recently recovered short-term carrier horses play a more important in transmission than long-term carriers.
Abigail McGlennon, from the SES network, said: “Our data shows how easily this disease can move across regions through potential links such as shared horse transport, events/competitions, and buying and selling horses. Post-outbreak screening, sufficient quarantine and screening of new arrivals and routine biosecurity measures are essential to preventing wider transmission.”
She added: “We now have more tools than ever to protect horses, but knowledge must be matched by action. Prevention, early detection, and vaccination together can help to reduce the impact of strangles.”
EIDS has shared resources for identifying strangles and improving prevention in yards on their information page.
Image © accepttphoto/Shutterstock.com

RVC study reveals breed dispositions for rare adrenal tumour
Miniature schnauzers among those more likely to receive diagnosis.
The Royal Veterinary College (RVC) has shared new insights into the risk factors of a rare adrenal tumour in dogs.
Researchers analysed health records from dogs with a phaeochromacytoma diagnosis to assess breed disposition, and other risk factors, of the life-threatening condition.
Phaeochromocytoma, which occurs in both dogs and humans, is a rare tumour which develops in the adrenal medulla. It results in the over-production of hormones, including ephinephrine and norephinephrine, due to cardiac complications.
Among the clinical signs are hypertension, collapse, an increased heart rate, and an irregular heart rate. These can be intermittent and can be easily mistaken for hormonal, neurological and cardiovascular conditions.
Diagnostic biochemical tests for the tumour are relatively new to veterinary practices, and there are limited reports of the frequency of the condition.
To improve understanding, researchers analysed RVC VetCompass Programme’s health records for phaeochromocytoma diagnosis in dogs. This included annual prevalence and frequency, as well as the demographic risk factors for the tumour.
The findings revealed an annual incidence risk of 1 per 100,000 dogs – statistics 25 times higher than human phaeochromocytoma.
There were several dog breeds which had a predisposition to the adrenal tumour. This included the soft-coated wheaten terrier (30.9 times more likely), German pointer (11 times more likely), and the miniature schnauzer (4.7 times more likely).
Terrier breeds were identified as having an increased risk of phaeochromocytoma, as were breeds that are predisposed to endocrine tumours.
Other risk factors included being a neutered male and aged between nine and 15 years, with such dogs more likely to receive the diagnosis than entire males and those under the age of nine..
Floryne Buishand, senior lecturer in small animal soft tissue surgery at the RVC, said: “The findings of our study are important for both veterinary and human surgeons and scientists.
“For the first time, we demonstrated that the overall incidence of phaeochromocytoma in dogs is up to 25 times higher compared to the incidence of phaeochromocytoma in humans.
“This underpins the value of spontaneous canine phaeochromocytoma as a translational study model for human phaeochromocytoma because canine phaeochromocytoma samples are more readily available for molecular studies, unlike human phaeochromocytoma samples.”
The full study can be found in the journal PLoS One.
Image © Royal Veterinary College

RUMA launches 2025 Animal Medicines Amnesty
Veterinary practices across the UK are being encouraged to educate clients about the potential harms of storing unused or unwanted veterinary medicines in their homes.
The call from the Responsible Use of Animals Alliance comes ahead of its annual Animal Medicines Amnesty (formally known as the Antibiotic Amnesty), taking place in November.
During the campaign, practices will also be encouraged to share the risks of using veterinary medicines at a later date on their pets, and the harmful environmental impacts of disposing of them via domestic waste or into sewage.
Steve Howard, secretary general of the RUMA Companion Animal and Equine Alliance, said: “Reducing the threat of AMR through responsible disposal of Antibiotics will still form a core focus of the campaign messaging, but RUMA CA&E and the campaign stakeholders recognise the need to broaden the message to educate owners on the appropriate use and disposal of all medicines, not just antibiotics.
“That’s why we have evolved the campaign this year to include any veterinary medicines. Some of the campaign’s focus for example, will now be on the appropriate use and disposal of parasiticides, that’s particularly important after recent research findings identifying the presence of some of these products in waterways.”
RUMA hopes the campaign will drive participation, not only across the veterinary profession but also in support of educating pet owners about their crucial role in medicines stewardship.
Last year’s campaign secured the return of 2,148 antibiotic tablets, 136 topical preparations, 47 injections and 82 bottles of oral liquid preparations. Other medications, such as parasiticides and hormones, were also returned.
Steve continued: “We would encourage practices right across the UK to get involved - a toolkit is available on the RUMA CA&E website which has everything practices need to take part. We will be doing all we can to share the campaign far and wide to raise as much awareness, engagement and participation as possible.”

CMA proposes major changes to veterinary industry
The Competitions and Markets Authority (CMA) has published the latest provisional findings of its investigation into the small animal veterinary care sector.
Its findings reveal that pet owners are paying 16.6 per cent more on average at the large corporate groups compared to independently owned practices.
In documents shared today (15 October), the CMA says that at least three of the large groups are raising prices faster at their owned practices compared to price increases at independently owned practices. This is leaving their profits higher than they would be if the competition was working well.
The CMA also declared RCVS’ current regulatory system as ‘not fit for purpose’. It currently regulates individual veterinary professionals, but does not regulate businesses – despite many of these being owned by large corporate groups.
However the CMA’s wide-ranging set of remedies will impact all veterinary practices.
The remedies will require all practices to publish comprehensive lists detailing the prices of different services. This would also mean veterinary professionals must estimate price information ahead of treatments, putting prices in writing for treatments over £500 and itemising bills.
Pet care plans would similarly need to be accompanied by a full price breakdown.
The CMA remedies steer pet owners towards online sites for their medication, with veterinary professionals pushed to advertise ‘savings’ to be made by purchasing through online competitors. In cases where medicine is needed frequently, veterinary professionals would be automatically be required to provide a written prescription, with the price for doing so capped at £16.
The impact of online retail on brick and mortar businesses has been substantial and this will no doubt bring challenges to all veterinary practices.
The RCVS would also be asked to adapt its Find a Vet service into a price comparison website, informed by price lists published by every practice. This would see clients encouraged to mainly compare practices based on cost, rather than considering reviews and client service provided.
The provisional findings will now be scrutinised by large corporate groups and veterinary membership bodies, including the Federation of Independent Veterinary Practices (FIVP). Parties must submit their feedback by Wednesday, 12 November, with some groups also attending hearings with the CMA inquiry group.
The British Veterinary Association (BVA) has already expressed concern with how the CMA’s recommended measures could impact how services are delivered.
Rob Williams, BVA president, said: “In particular, we need clarity on the proposed introduction of comprehensive price lists, because how vet care is delivered is varied and complex and unless the CMA gets this right, it could end up creating greater confusion for consumers, which in turn could have a negative impact on animal welfare.”
Rita Dingwall, chairperson of the FIVP, said: “FIVP welcomes some aspects of the CMA report but fundamentally believes that the net cost of veterinary care will increase as more of pet owner's costs are transferred to online pharmacies.”
The full findings can be found on the CMA investigation page.
Image © Shutterstock

Drones track vulnerable ponies in UK first
The count enabled charities to obtain an accurate headcount.
National equine charity World Horse Welfare (WHW) has deployed drones to assess a population of semi-feral ponies on a Welsh common.
This is the first time the technology has been used in the UK in this way, and forms part of wider efforts to develop a long-term management plan for the herds.
On Wednesday, 24 September, staff from World Horse Welfare and volunteers from local organisation, Hungry Herds, carried out a comprehensive head count of ponies on Gelligaer and Merthyr Common.
The drones carried out 30 flights, helping the team map the common and take photographs of all ponies seen on the day. After reviewing the data to ensure no duplications, the team identified a total of 182 ponies.
WHW chief field officer, Claire Gordon, said: “We had to cover an area of 3,000 hectares during daylight hours on a single day to ensure we could capture all the main herds as well as smaller satellite groups and not risk double counting.
“On the day, where visibility and the terrain allowed, the team were able to use binoculars to see that some areas clearly had no ponies, so a total of 30 flights were carried out, rather than the 48 originally planned. Given the scale of the common and how well the ponies blend into their environment, it is a truly challenging task to carry out an accurate headcount and we’re delighted with how it went.”
Commons like Gelligaer are under increasing pressure from the unchecked breeding of abandoned and unowned horses and ponies. The sheer numbers in the herds are also highly problematic, as they compete against other livestock for water and food.
WHW field officer, Rachel Andrews, has seen firsthand the struggle faced by the vulnerable ponies. She said:
“We had a number of locals stop to ask what we were doing and the feedback was generally really positive when we explained that we were using the drones to obtain an accurate count of the ponies. The ponies weren’t fazed by the drones, so we didn’t have to go too high and could obtain good photographs of the individuals in each herd.”
Roxane Kirton, MRCVS, RSPCA head vet (Equine), said: “The drone count, the first of its kind on the commons, has enabled the organisations working on the project to get an accurate headcount. This is a crucial stage which will inform decisions on how to relieve population pressures in ways that best support the welfare needs of the ponies.
“The quality of the drone footage allows us not only to know overall numbers, but also the proportions of foals and youngsters in the group. Regular monitoring of population size and dynamics like this is incredibly important in order for us to make good decisions in population management and understand the impact of our interventions so far.”
Image (C) World Horse Welfare.

Free resource packs to support guinea pig welfare
The resources have been launched to mark Guinea Pig Awareness Week.
With Guinea Pig Awareness Week (GPAW) fast approaching (October 20-24), a pack of free, downloadable resources has been made available to help owners provide the best care for their pets.
It is the fifth year that GPAW has taken place, and this time will focus on the importance of reducing stress for guinea pig wellbeing under the theme ‘Comfort, Care, Companionship’.
The packs are available for vets, rescues, and retailers, and have been updated in response to feedback from caregivers. The practical, family-friendly content includes:
• colourful posters to display at home
• step-by-step guides on stress, care, and companionship
• myth-busting facts to challenge common misconceptions
• fun activity sheets for children
• shareable social media posts to spread awareness.
The pack also includes a practice newspaper, the GPAW Gazette, containing expert tips, advice, and enrichment ideas.
Dr Suzanne Moyes, deputy managing director and in-house vet at Burgess Pet Care, said: “Guinea pigs are often seen as simple starter pets, but they have very specific needs. This Guinea Pig Awareness Week, we want to challenge those misconceptions and highlight what proper care looks like.”
Peter Lancaster, head of marketing at Burgess Pet Care, added: “Each year, we’re impressed by the reach and impact of Guinea Pig Awareness Week, and this year introducing our most comprehensive set of resources yet.
“From child-friendly activity sheets to the Gazette, we’re supporting guinea pig owners across the UK in providing the highest standard of care for their pets.”
GPAW is supported by the RSPCA, Blue Cross, Woodgreen, Raystede, and Guinea Pig Welfare UK.
Image (C) Shutterstock.com/Rita_Kochmarjova

Major zoos announce cryobanking collaboration
The alliance will focus on sharing best practices and expertise.
Three major zoos — Chester Zoo, UK, Toronto Zoo, Canada, and Dublin Zoo, Ireland — have announced a strategic international partnership to advance wildlife cryobanking.
Announced at the IUCN World Congress in Abu Dhabi, the alliance aims to safeguard genetic material from native and globally threatened species through live cell cryobanking, including sperm, eggs, embryos, tissue, and cultured cells.
When cells are stored in ultra-low temperatures, they can remain viable for decades, enabling conservationists to support further breeding programmes by maintaining or restoring genetic diversity.
Cryopreservation can be used in assisted reproductive technologies and is especially valuable for declining populations at risk of inbreeding due to small size or isolation.
Dr Sue Walker, head of science at Chester Zoo, said: “The use of cryopreservation is an actively growing field. Species survival depends on thriving and genetically healthy populations, and by building cryopreservation to support conservation efforts, it is becoming an effective tool in the fight against extinction.
“Alongside Toronto Zoo and Dublin Zoo, the goal of this international partnership is to support each other and our global zoo community with effective biobanking initiatives.”
The multi-zoo alliance will focus on sharing best practices, enhancing cryopreservation techniques across species, and coordinating regional and international efforts. The partnership also aligns with broader global initiatives, including the IUCN Animal Biobanking for Conservation Specialist Group.
The zoos will also work together to raise awareness of the potential of wildlife cryobanking among conservationists, academic researchers, and the public.
Dr Andrew Mooney, senior conservation and science officer, Dublin Zoo, said: “This partnership with Toronto Zoo, a global leader in biobanking and cryopreservation, is a vital step to secure a genetically healthy future for wildlife, both in Ireland and globally.
"Together we can preserve the genetic diversity of wild species, locally and internationally, helping to ensure populations remain healthy and resilient in a rapidly changing world for generations to come.
“This collaboration directly supports Dublin Zoo’s Conservation Master Plan and goal to establish Ireland’s first National Wildlife Biobanking Hub. By aligning our efforts internationally, we can amplify the impact of our local initiatives.”
Image (C) Chester Zoo.

RVC identifies dogs at most risk of tail injury
The Royal Veterinary College (RVC) has revealed the dog breeds which are at the most risk of having a tail injury.
The study, led by the RVC’s VetCompass Programme, also explores how often these injuries occur and how veterinary practices are approaching the care of dogs which have tail injuries.
Dogs’ tails play an important role in their daily lives, helping them with communication, balance, and scent marking. A tail injury can disrupt these essential natural behaviours and have serious welfare risks, causing pain and distress for dogs.
Researchers examined clinical records from random samples of 285 tail injury cases, as well as 285,000 controls, from a population of over 2,000,000 dogs in veterinary care in 2019.
The findings found that approximately 1 in 435 of all dogs in UK will present for veterinary care each year. The most common breeds to have a tail injury are boxers, English springer spaniels and cocker spaniels.
In contrast, the French bulldog, with its congenitally shortened tail, was less likely to have a tail injury.
When compared to breeds that are not recognised by the Kennel Club, working dogs and gundogs were at a higher risk of tail injury. Meanwhile dogs in the ‘toy’ group had a reduced risk.
Research also revealed that brachycephalic dog breeds were at a reduced risk of tail injury compared to mesocephalic dog breeds.
The treatment of tail injuries saw pain relief and antibiotics prescribed in 45.6 per cent and 32.6 per cent of cases respectively. Surgical amputation was performed in 9.1 per cent of cases.
Camilla Pegram, lecturer of veterinary epidemiology at the RVC, said: “This study has used the power of “big data” to robustly address the frequency, risk factors and clinical management of tail injuries in dogs.
“Not only are tail injuries painful, but they can also affect how dogs communicate and interact with the world around them. With tail docking no longer a routine practice, our findings highlight the dogs that may benefit from closer owner monitoring - particularly during high-energy activities.”
Dan O’Neill, associate professor in companion animal epidemiology, said: “Having a long happy tail to wag must be one of the greatest natural joys in any dog’s life.
“Although this new paper shows that tail injuries are relatively uncommon in dogs overall, owners of very active types of dogs such as boxer, English springer spaniel and cocker spaniel should be aware of their increased risk and try to reduce trauma to these dog’s tails.”
The full study can be found in the journal Veterinary Record.
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