Clinical Abstracts and blogs

Eye problems in the horse
The size and prominence of the equine eye means that disease and injury to the eye are common occurrences. Many...

Locating neurological lesions
Whilst neurology is an area of specialisation, most neurological lesions initially present in first opinion practice. Therefore, every general...

Common calving problems
The objectives for managing a cow at calving should be the same regardless of whether the cow is in a...

A forelimb amputation in a guinea pig with osteomyelitis
Guinea pigs are commonly-owned, exotic small mammals and present frequently to veterinary surgeons in general practice. Small mammal limb injuries...

Poisoning – the bigger picture: pigs, sheep, goats and horses
The Veterinary Poisons Information Service answer enquiries about any animal – big or small – and although larger animals represent...

Team member disputes – managing difficult employment relationships before they affect the wider practice
Stephenie Malone, specialist employment solicitor at Harrison Clark Rickerbys solicitors, discusses team member disputes in the veterinary practice. Difference and...

Whom to choose? Clearing confusion about appropriate behaviour and training referral services
In this article, Karen Wild, ASAB-Certificated Clinical Animal Behaviourist, explores the options for veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and owners regarding the...

Raccoons solve puzzles for fun, study finds
A new study has suggested that raccoons may enjoy solving puzzles, even when there is no food reward.
Researchers from the University of British Columbia suggest they may have an intrinsic motivation beyond hunger, known as ‘information foraging’.
The study saw raccoons faced with a custom, multi-access puzzle box. The box featured a number of interactive mechanisms including latches, sliding doors and knobs.
The boxes each had nine entry points, grouped as easy, medium and hard.
Each puzzle box contained a single marshmallow, which the raccoons had 20 minutes to reach. However, even after eating the marshmallow, the raccoons continued to try opening the other mechanisms.
If the solution was easy, researchers saw the raccoons explore the puzzle box broadly, trying multiple openings and varying the order.
Where the task was more difficult, the raccoons were more likely to favour a dependable solution. They still explored multiple solutions, though, even at the hardest level.
Researchers believe this demonstrates the raccoons basing their strategy on cost and risk, much like the decision-making frameworks of humans.
Researcher Hannah Griebling said: “It’s a pattern familiar to anyone ordering at a restaurant,
“Do you order your favourite dish or try something new? If the risk is high—an expensive meal you might not like—you choose the safe option. Raccoons explore when the cost is low and quickly decide to play it safe when the stakes are higher.”
Raccoons’ forepaws, with sensory nerves for foraging in streams, proved well-suited for manipulating latches and handles. Combined with their problem-solving skills, raccoons proved to have an advantage for scavenging in complex environments.
While this study focussed on captive animals, researchers believe behaviours would be similar in wild raccoons.
Ms Griebling said: “Understanding the cognitive traits that help raccoons thrive can guide management of species that struggle, and inform strategies for other species, like bears, that use problem-solving to access human-made resources.”
Dr Sarah Benson-Amram added: “Raccoon intelligence has long featured in folklore, yet scientific research on their cognition remains limited. Studies like this provide empirical evidence to support that reputation.”
The full study can be found in the journal Animal Behaviour.
Image © Hannah Griebling

Equine Disease Surveillance report released for Q4 2025
The latest Equine Disease Surveillance report has been released, with details on equine disease from Q4 of 2025.
The report, produced by Equine Infectious Disease Surveillance, includes advice on rule changes for equine influenza vaccination.
Statistics and maps detail recent outbreaks of equine herpes virus, equine influenza, equine strangles and equine grass sickness. A series of laboratory reports provides data on virology, bacteriology, parasitology and toxicosis.
This issue also features a case study of orthoflavivus-associated neurological disease in a horse in the UK.
Image © Shutterstock.com/BearFotos

RCVS annual renewal fee for vets due
RCVS’ annual renewal fee for veterinary surgeons is now due. Vets must pay their renewal fee before Wednesday, 1 April 2026.
This year’s standard annual fee has increased to £431 from last year’s £418. This is an approximately three per cent increase, as approved by RCVS Council and the Privy Council.
Tshidi Gardner, RCVS treasurer, said: “The small fee increase will be used to help deliver both our everyday activities and our new ambitious Strategic Plan, which includes aims such as achieving new legislation, reviewing the Codes of Professional Conduct and supporting guidance, and continuing to support the professions through activities such as the Mind Matters Initiative, RCVS Academy and career development.”
A full breakdown of the new fees is on RCVS website. Information about tax relief is available on the UK government website.
Image © Shutterstock.com/ Alex Segre

Artificial intelligence could predict bone strength in chickens
Researchers have explored how artificial intelligence (AI) could be used to inform breeding decisions for chickens’ bone health.
A team from the Roslin Institute has created an automated tool which is able to analyse X-ray images to estimate the strength of leg bones, which are an overall indicator of skeletal health.
The tool was created as researchers sought to assess diagnosis of bone damage, particularly in laying hens. These birds can develop fractures as a result of the physical demands of egg production and movement in housing systems.
Its AI model has been trained to identify a chicken’s tibia bone from an X-ray image, and then analyse patterns to predict how strong the bone might be. It was developed using more than 900 X-ray images.
Results revealed a strong correlation with bone strength measured using standard manual tests. The tool also outperformed the manual scoring of X-rays, raising possibilities for reducing time and labour involved.
Since it uses image data alone, and predictions would be generated quickly, the AI tool could enable the large-scale assessment of bone strength.
While the tool has been trained using post-mortem samples, the team hopes to apply the method to live birds in future. With measurements closely matching the underlying genetics of bone strength, it is expected that the tool could identify birds or family lines with stronger bones.
This will mean that, although the poultry breeding industry currently has to assess large numbers of birds to guide breeding decisions, the tool could provide a rapid, non-invasive and scalable alternative.
The tool has been based on widely used AI systems, which have been adapted for the task. This means that it can be implemented into standard computing infrastructure and be accessible for use in breeding programmes.
Tanmay Debnath, PhD student and lead author, said: “We’ve shown that we can use X-ray images to generate a measure of bone strength that is just as useful as conventional methods.
“From a genetic perspective, the results are very strong, birds identified by the AI as having stronger bones strongly overlap those we would select using traditional testing.”
The full study has been published in the journal Poultry Science.
Image © sergey kolesnikov/Shutterstock.com

Public urged to give birds space this summer
The RSPB says ground-nesting birds are at greatest risk of human disturbance.
The public is being urged to give space to vulnerable birds this spring and summer to protect them during breeding season.
According to the RSPCA, more than half of the UK’s most vulnerable birds, including the curlew, skylark, lapwing, and little ten, nest near or on the ground – making them most at risk of disturbance from humans and dogs.
Many of these species are on the Red List, meaning their numbers are in rapid decline due to habitat loss, food scarcity, and the impacts of climate change.
The birds can be found across a range of different habitats, including heathland, woodland and beaches. Common garden birds, such as robins and wrens, sometimes also build their nests close to the ground, raising their chicks in ivy, hedges and shrubs.
Walkers are being urged to help ground-nesting birds by sticking to marked paths, keeping their dogs under close control and giving birds plenty of space. The RSPB advises anyone who finds a nest or chicks running about to keep a minimum of 100m distance away.
Dr Conor Pharaoh-John, RSPB’s recreational disturbance programme manager, explains: “The closer the bird’s nest is to the ground, the more at risk it is to accidental disturbance, mainly from people, who will likely be unaware the nest is there, and dogs freely roaming off lead.
“Exploring the countryside with our dogs is a great activity to get us out of the house and connecting to our local greenspaces. However, whilst we mean no harm to wildlife, people and dogs appear as potential predators to a bird, especially those nesting on the ground.”
Image (C) Vishnevski Vasily/Shutterstock.com

Government consulting on trail hunting ban
Campaigners say the practice is being used as a ‘smokescreen’ for illegal hunting with dogs.
The government is consulting on a ban on trail hunting in England and Wales.
Trial hunting, in which hounds follow a pre-laid animal scent, has become a popular alternative to fox hunting after the implementation of the Hunting Act 2004.
But the very nature of the sport means that live animals, including foxes, hares, and sometimes even household pets, are injured or killed by the dogs. This occurs because the dogs often follow the scent of the wild animals, rather than the artificially placed scent.
Police and animal rights campaigners have also expressed concern over whether the sport is being used as a ‘smokescreen’ to enable illegal hunting with dogs.
Assistant chief constable Matt Longman, who leads on hunting for the National Police Chiefs’ Council, said trail hunting “gives people the opportunity to carry on hunting – as they always said they would when the ban came in 20 years ago”.
Labour first proposed a ban on trail hunting in its 2024 election manifesto. Animal welfare groups, including the RSPCA, welcomed the move, while also noting the sport’s negative impact on local communities.
David Bowles, head of public affairs at the RSPCA, said: “Since the Hunting Act came into force, there is mounting evidence that trail hunting is being used as a smokescreen for illegal hunting with dogs, putting wild animals, pets and livestock at risk, while rural communities face intimidation and anti-social behaviour.
“Public support for a ban is clear: over 80 per cent support the existing ban on hunting wild animals with dogs, and more than 100,000 people signed a petition calling for a ban on trail hunting. As part of the Time for Change Coalition Against Hunting, the RSPCA would like to see the Hunting Act strengthened and to close any loopholes so we can finally consign illegal hunting with dogs to the history books.”
Animal welfare minister, Baroness Sue Hayman, said: “We pledged to ban trail hunting in our manifesto and that is exactly what we intend to do. “The nature of trail hunting makes it difficult to ensure wild and domestic animals are not put at risk of being killed or injured - that is clearly unacceptable.
“We understand that this is a complex issue and so we are seeking views from everyone with an interest to help shape how we bring this forward.”
The consultation will run until 18 June.
Image (C) Trialhunt (C) Angela Lock/Shutterstock.

BVA shares governance fears for VSA reform
The British Veterinary Association (BVA) has published its response to the government’s consultation on a new Veterinary Surgeons Act (VSA).
While broadly supporting the government’s proposals, the association voiced its concerns about the proposed governance model.
Under current proposals, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) would retain its status as ‘a Royal College that regulates’. BVA says that this approach ‘does not currently deliver clear separation of regulatory and professional leadership functions’.
However an alternative model, in which the RCVS acts solely as a regulator, has also been questioned by BVA.
BVA raised concern that this alternative proposal had not been accompanied by a clear plan for the provision and adequate funding of leadership functions. It says the consultation document did not fully explain how the separation of functions would be legislated.
It has suggested that Defra should have consulted on a third governance model. In this model, BVA proposes that RCVS’ regulatory functions are transferred to a ‘new’ regulatory body, while RCVS retains its professional leadership functions.
BVA has, however, voiced its support for many of Defra’s other proposals for the new Veterinary Surgeons Act.
This includes protection of titles for all members of the veterinary team, including veterinary nurses, as well as regulation of veterinary businesses, animal healthcare businesses and allied veterinary professionals. The proposals also replace the existing disciplinary process with a fitness to practice regime.
Rob Williams, BVA president, said: “For the reformed veterinary legislation to achieve its aims, we need an effective regulator whose remit is clear and trusted by both the public and the professions.
“Defra’s proposed models for governance fail either to fully explain to what extent the separation of regulatory and professional leadership functions would be enshrined in legislation, or how it would ensure continued provision and adequate funding for these. That’s why we’re calling on Defra to engage in further discussions with BVA, RCVS, BVNA and other key stakeholders on this issue. It’s vital that we get this right.”
BVA’s consultation response can be viewed here.
Image © Friends Stock/Shutterstock.com

SPVS and VMG consider 'significant' CMA remedies
Vet groups look ahead to remedy rollout.
The Society of Practising Veterinary Surgeons (SPVS) and the Veterinary Management Group (VMG) have considered the rollout of the CMA’s remedies in responses published this week.
SPVS has reflected on the ‘substantial changes’ and ‘real implications’ of the remedy package, as well as the media scrutiny the sector can expect following the published report.
It has praised a change to the prescription fee cap, which it described as ‘a major focus’ in its hearing responses. The prescription fee cap will now be £21, and £12.50 for additional medication.
SPVS says that, now the remedies are ‘no longer theoretical’, the focus will be on their implementation. It highlights operational changes to be made in practices, as well as ‘commercial consequences’.
In a video statement, junior vice-president Kate Higgins said: “There are things we will need to mitigate; potential losses in medicine sales, there’s going to be some work to do around how we present those price lists which are going to be on, initially the Find the Vet website but there will be comparison sites that will be able to access that data.”
The VMG has also reflected on the ‘uncertainty and overwhelm’ that may accompany the publication of the report.
Rebecca Robinson, VMG president, said: “The publication of the CMA’s report is an important moment for the profession. While for some there’s relief that we now have clarity, for others there will be feelings of uncertainty and overwhelm - which are entirely understandable at this stage.
“What has changed is that we’re no longer operating in the dark. We have a clear view of what’s being asked of us, together with timelines. This gives us something to work with, even if the scale of change still feels significant.”
SPVS is hosting five ‘roadshows’ on the CMA report, which will take place across the UK throughout May. Meanwhile the VMG says the implications of the CMA report will be addressed at this year’s VMG Congress, taking place from 22-24 April 2026.
Image © VMG

BVNA and BSAVA commend CMA's VN remedy
The British Veterinary Nursing Association (BVNA) and British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA) have each addressed the CMA’s approach to veterinary nursing.
In its final decision report, published 24 March 2026, the CMA confirmed its support for the protection of the veterinary nurse title. It also calls on the government to formally expand veterinary nurses’ remit.
The CMA has recommended that this regulation is incorporated in a new Veterinary Surgeons Act, for which the public consultation period closed on 25 March 2026.
The BVNA has long campaigned for a new Veterinary Surgeons Act, with particular focus on statutory protection of the veterinary nurse title. It also called for better clarity surrounding Schedule 3 and delegation, as well as potential expansion of the scope of tasks.
Sarah Holliday, BVNA president, said: “We particularly welcome the CMA’s recognition that the outdated Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 must be modernised, alongside their recognition of the value that veterinary nurses bring to both patient and client care.
“We are therefore greatly encouraged to see the CMA will be asking UK Government to consider protection of the ‘veterinary nurse’ title and future expansion of the profession’s scope of practice within future reforms. We feel this will be key to ensuring veterinary nursing skills can be fully utilised within the veterinary team.”
Both the BVNA and the BSAVA have welcomed measures which they say will support ‘greater transparency’ for pet owners. The BSAVA also welcomed the CMA’s change in approach to prescription fees, which it says ‘reflects a professional responsibility that should not be taken lightly or undervalued’.
The BSAVA says it is important that pet owners do not vent frustrations at veterinary professionals.
Julian Hoad, BSAVA president, said: “The BSAVA has long advocated on behalf of its veterinary nurse members and indeed the wider veterinary nursing profession to protect the veterinary nurse title and the expanded range of tasks they can undertake. It is therefore heartening to see the CMA also being supportive of these initiatives.
“We recognise that there is more to be done before the reforms can be implemented but our members, and indeed the wider profession, can be assured that we will continue to fully engage in the process.”
Image © BVNA

RCVS and BVA respond to CMA's final report
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) and the British Veterinary Association (BVA) have each published their response to the CMA’s final decision report.
The CMA has confirmed an enhanced role for the RCVS as part of its remedy package, with the College responsible for monitoring compliance for the legally-binding remedies. RCVS will also be involved with a ‘comparison site’, through which pet owners will be able to directly compare veterinary practices.
Linda Belton, RCVS senior vice-president, has welcomed RCVS’ involvement with compliance, which is set to be funded by a new levy on veterinary businesses.
RCVS has expressed concern about other features of the report, including its approach to anti-parasitic medicines. Ms Belton warns against focusing purely on the costs of such medicines, without considering suitability, the environment and public health.
However, it has also commended the CMA for removing some proposed remedies in line with its concerns.
Ms Belton said: “We ourselves have been advocating legislative and governance reform for some years, but are also concerned by the CMA’s proposed changes to our governance structure, where there is limited evidence provided to support the recommendation.”
She also said: “We will continue to work with the CMA over the coming months on developing implementation plans for the remedies and how they are monitored and enforced on an ongoing basis.”
The BVA has similarly commended the CMA for listening to its proposals. It particularly thanks the CMA for acknowledging the ‘intense public scrutiny’ caused to veterinary teams by the investigation.
In its statement, the BVA highlights the higher prescription price cap, the increased implementation time frame for the remedies and the scrapping of a proposed annual pet owner survey as positive changes to its provisional remedies.
Rob Williams, BVA president, said: “This isn’t quite the end and as we get down into the detail of the CMA’s final measures, BVA will support our members to help them understand what they need to do to comply. We will also continue to engage with the CMA to ensure that they get the details right and there aren’t any unintended consequences.”
Image © RCVS

Views sought on lambing practices
Survey will gather baseline data to inform best practice.
Sheep farmers are being urged to give their views on lambing to help researchers gain a better understanding of the challenges facing the sector.
The UK Lambing Survey 2026 is being led by the University of Nottingham and Fiona Lovatt of Flock Health Ltd, who also chairs the Sheep Antibiotic Guardian Group (SAGG).
Dr Lovatt said: "There isn’t a time in a sheep farmer’s calendar more stressful than the lambing season. In recent years, the pressure has risen further due to the additional threat of both Schmallenberg and Bluetongue viruses, disrupted vaccine supplies, unpredictable weather conditions and increasing scrutiny of what, for some, had become routine lambing-time practices.
“The UK sheep industry has a good reputation for responsible medicine stewardship, good practice and high welfare standards, which we are keen to maintain and defend. For this to happen, it is essential we gather baseline data on what takes place ‘on the ground’ or ‘in the lambing shed’. We are very grateful to everyone who supports this survey, both by filling it in and encouraging others to do so.”
The survey is supported by organisations from across the sheep industry and takes around 12 minutes to complete.
Findings will be made available to the public and used to directly inform the sheep section of the Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Targets Task Force report (RUMA TTF).
Image (C) Janice Chen/Shutterstock.

Survey shows ethical views inform owner training preferences
The findings could help vets better support clients in managing behaviour.
New research from the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies suggests a dog owner’s ethical values can influence how they manage their pet's behaviour.
Through a survey of 500 owners in the US, researchers found a clear link between a person’s ethical orientation toward animals and their preferred training methods.
Specifically, the survey aimed to determine whether certain ethical perspectives would correlate with a preference for positive reinforcement training. For example, only responding to desired behaviours or to physical correction methods, like prong collars.
The results suggest that individuals who prioritise people over animals (anthropocentric) are less likely to use positive reinforcement training methods and more likely to use physical correction.
Conversely, people whose ethics are inclined towards animal protection were more likely to use positive reinforcement training and less likely to use physical correction methods.
Interestingly, the results also suggest that people who support animals having equal rights to humans rarely use physical correction, but do not show a clear inclination towards positive reinforcement training.
Researchers hope their findings may help vets and animal behaviourists better support their clients in managing their pet’s behaviour.
Tracy Weber, Former MSc researcher and study lead, said: “People have deeply held belief systems that frame their views of the world and impact many aspects of their lives – this includes how they train their animals.
“My hope is that this insight can help to build communication among people with a range of views, in which positive change can emerge.”
Peter Sandøe, Ms Weber's MSc supervisor and senior author of the study, said: “Scientific studies of dog behaviour play an important role when it comes to choice of training methods, but there is also an ethical side to the debate, as our study has shown.”
The study, Dog Owners' Use of Ethical Training Methods and Their Ethical Stance on the Treatment of Animals, is published in Anthrozoos.
Image (C) O_Lypa/Shutterstock.

Rare monkey gives birth after surgery saves foot
Operation saves monkey’s foot from amputation.
A critically-endangered monkey has given birth after a unique operation saved her foot from amputation.
Masaya, a 15-year-old roloway monkey at Chester Zoo, underwent pioneering surgery to remove a mass from her foot last summer.
The operation was performed jointly by veterinary surgeons from Chester Zoo, as well as surgeons from the University of Liverpool. Rather than amputating Masaya’s foot, the team hoped to instead only remove the golf-ball-sized mass from her foot.
Masaya had been experiencing recurring problems with her foot since she arrived at Chester Zoo in 2023. She was given x-rays, ultrasounds and biopsies, however veterinary surgeons were unable to ascertain the cause.
After swelling became worse Masaya underwent a CT scan at the University of Liverpool, where it was decided that surgery would be needed to remove the abscess.
Masaya’s pregnancy made the surgery particularly necessary, since an amputated foot could have made it impossible for her to hold her offspring. There is no evidence of any similar procedures being performed on a roloway monkey, but thankfully, the surgical team were able to save all but one of her toes.
Rachel Burrow, a vet and lecturer at the University of Liverpool: “This was the last chance to save Masaya's foot before amputation. Working with primates is completely different from my usual patients, who are typically cats and dogs, and it was a real privilege to care for such a rare animal.
“It's great to see the surgery was a success - she's comfortable, active and using the limb well."
In a significant moment for the species, Masaya has now given birth to her third daughter – Lagertha.
Zoe Edwards, a primate keeper at Chester Zoo, said: “Masaya is a very experienced mum and she's parenting magnificently. Lagertha is only a few weeks old and is very dinky, but already curious about the roloway monkey habitat and inquisitive about us.
“The fact Masaya’s foot has healed so well is a huge relief. If she'd had an amputation, we'd have been left with real questions about whether she could hold her offspring or continue with her normal behaviours.”
Image © Chester Zoo

Welsh greyhound racing ban faces legal challenge
The Welsh Senedd has voted in favour of banning greyhound racing in Wales, despite controversy about the consultation process.
The Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB) has criticised the handling of the Welsh Senedd vote, citing ‘repeated failures in public consultation, evidence gathering and overall due diligence’.
The Welsh government voted on the proposed ban on 17 March 2026, with Senedd members voting in favour of a ban on greyhound racing with a 39-10 majority. Two Members of Senedd abstained from the vote.
Under the legislation, greyhound racing could be banned in Wales as soon as April 2027.
However the legislation now faces a legal challenge, amidst claims that ministers did not consult on it properly. Civil servants are said to have told the Welsh government that there was not enough evidence to support the ban.
Meanwhile the Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB) has strongly criticised the Bill, saying it has ‘disgraced the ethical and legislative processes from start to finish’.
The GBGB says that the Welsh Government acted against officials’ advice that showed there was ‘insufficient evidence and consultation’ to justify the ban. It states that the Bill has proceeded despite two ‘damning’ Committee reports and whilst judges consider whether it is lawful.
Mark Bird, CEO of GBGB, said: “From the very beginning, the Welsh Government had the choice to opt for a regulated industry – one which upholds high standards of welfare and provides far greater protections for its racing greyhounds than for any domestic pet dog.
“The only thing this Bill will do is destroy people’s jobs, family-run businesses and community touchpoints not to mention cause significant loss to the Welsh economy.”
He added: “We remain resolute in our fight against this Bill process and await the court judgements.”
Meanwhile Dogs Trust, which has been working with the Cut the Chase coalition for many years to secure a ban on greyhound racing across the UK, has celebrated the Welsh Senedd’s decision to ban the practice.
In response to concerns about the consultation, the charity says the evidence ‘speaks for itself’ every time it sees the physical and behavioural issues of ex-racing greyhounds entering its care. It also cites GBGB’s own data, which it says records 4,000 greyhound deaths since 2017 as a result of the racing industry.
A spokesperson for Dogs Trust said: “It has been a monumental week for animal welfare, with Wales announcing a ban on greyhound racing on Tuesday and Scotland following suit on Wednesday.
“We hope that this will be a catalyst for change across the UK, and that this outdated and inhumane practice will be put to bed.”
Asked about GBGB’s proposals of a regulated industry, they added: “No further regulation would stop the unnecessary suffering caused to greyhounds from running around the track at high speed. A ban on greyhound racing is the right way forward”.
Image © Shutterstock.com/chrisbrignell

Foot and Mouth disease detected in Greece
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has taken action after Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) was detected in Greece.
It has confirmed that the disease was identified on a cattle farm on the island of Lesvos in Greece.
In response to the outbreak, the UK government has placed restrictions on certain commercial imports from Greece to Great Britain. It will only permit the commercial import of milk, colostrum and their products (including feta and yogurt) when they have undergone required heat treatment and are accompanied by a mandatory health certificate.
Defra states that there are no current cases of FMD in the UK, and that it will continue to implement ‘proportionate, science-based measures’ to protect animal health.
Christine Middlemiss, chief veterinary officer, said: “A case of Foot and Mouth disease has been confirmed in Greece, we are in contact with our European counterparts to understand the latest situation.
“Robust plans are already in place to minimise the risk of disease incursion to support Britain’s farming community and food security.
“Livestock keepers are urged to continue exercising the upmost vigilance for signs of disease, follow scrupulous biosecurity and report any suspicion of disease immediately to the Animal and Plant Health Agency.”
This latest case follows confirmation of FMD in the port city of Larnaca in Cyprus. The disease had been detected in both cattle and sheep.
While FMD poses no risk to human or food safety, it is highly contagious among cattle, sheep, pigs and other cloven-hoofed animals. In cattle it causes sores and blisters on the feet, mouth and tongue, while cattle, sheep and pigs may develop lameness.
On 12 April 2025, Defra banned travellers from bringing cattle, sheep, goat and pig meat, as well as dairy products, from European Union countries to Great Britain for personal use.
More information about FMD can be found here.
Image © Shutterstock.com/Rawpixel.com

Corneal sequestrum surgery saves cat's sight
An independent referral practice has saved the sight of a young cat diagnosed with corneal sequestrum.
Ophthalmologists at The Pet Eye Clinic, based at Moreton Hall Veterinary Centre in Bury St Edmunds, treated the condition using a superficial keratectomy.
One-year-old Arthur was diagnosed with a corneal sequestrum last summer, having experienced significant discomfort to his eyes. The condition is characterised by squinting, redness and discharge.
Although his primary vet prescribed him a course of eye drops, his condition failed to improve.
Arthur was referred to The Pet Eye Clinic, where Dr Francesca Capaldo, an advanced practitioner in veterinary ophthalmology, took him into her care. Dr Capaldo performed an examination of Arthur’s eye, through which she identified a patch of necrotic (dead) tissue on the surface of the cornea.
Dr Capaldo said: “After discussing with the owner, I advised surgical removal via superficial keratectomy, and we admitted Arthur to the hospital the same day.
“Under general anaesthesia, and with the aid of the surgical operating microscope, we debrided the cornea around the sequestrum with a cotton bud. The debrided area, including the sequestrum, was delimited by a square incision made with a depth-set knife and removed via superficial keratectomy with a crescent knife.
“A soft bandage contact lens was placed to protect the cornea, and a drop of Tropicamide was applied to treat the reflex uveitis”.
On the same day as his surgery, Arthur was able to return home. Arthur’s owner was given his aftercare plan, which include daily eye drops and a corneal gel.
His eye is now bright and clear, with no scar on the corneal surface. Arthur’s owner praised Dr Capaldo’s experience and client care.
Sarah Cook, Arthur’s owner, said: “I recognised straight away her expertise in this field of work and felt reassured. After the surgery, Francesca provided a detailed report and post-operative guidance.
“Arthur's eye healed very nicely and I couldn't recommend Francesca enough. She is such an experienced and caring vet who gave me my beautiful blue-eyed boy back, and for that I am so grateful.”
The Pet Eye Clinic offers a state-of-the-art referral service from Moreton Hall Veterinary Centre in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. Its team utilises advanced specialist equipment and extensive expertise to treat eye conditions and diseases.
For more information call 01284 747000 or visit www.thepeteyeclinic.co.uk
Image © Moreton Hall Veterinary Centre

Practices 'in limbo' amid IVC Evidensia legal threat
The group claimed wordmark over ‘Pet Health Club’ a year ago.
Independent practices have been left ‘in limbo’ after receiving legal threats from IVC Evidensia over a year ago, a support group has said.
In letters to dozens of practices, IVC Evidensia claimed wordmark over the term ‘Pet Health Club’ and demanded practices cease use of the term.
The letter, issued by IVC chief medical officer Gudrun Ravetz and legal counsel Alice Holt, described the term as ‘a trading name of Independent Vetcare Limited’. It claimed that it had built goodwill and reputation in the United Kingdom.
A follow-up letter gave independent practices a deadline of 31 December 2025 to act upon IVC Evidensia’s demands. However, since the deadline passed, none of the practices have received any further communications from the veterinary group.
IVC Evidensia’s first legal letter prompted the formation of a support group, We Are Spartacus, where affected practices could unite against the threats. Within days the website received hundreds of supporters.
Dr Natalie Morris-Webb, owner of Malthouse Vets, said: “Although IVC appears to have ceased defending the ‘pet health club’ wordmark, with none of the affected practices reporting any further correspondence for many months, the uncertainty is still there.
“It’s unacceptable that IVC has not yet achieved a commercial settlement, or revealed whether they have given the industry a reprieve and no longer plan to take legal action.”
An IVC Evidensia spokesperson has responded, stating: "We have no current plans to approach anyone we haven’t previously contacted on this matter, but of course, we reserve the rights available to the company, as trademark holder, to protect our trademarks and customers in the future, as in any sector."
"A material number of those previously infringing our trademark have now updated their branding. Anyone still in breach was given clear notification, so the position is unambiguous - they are required to update.”
Meanwhile, We Are Spartacus has reported separate legal processes being enacted by IVC Evidensia.
The large veterinary group has been registering a number of wordmarks, common phrases and trademarks, including the phrase ‘It’s not what we do, it’s why we do it’. It has also registered ‘IVC inspiring veterinary care’, which We Are Spartacus suggests could be confused with RCVS’ strapline, ‘inspiring confidence in veterinary care’.
A spokesperson from We Are Spartacus said: “Now IVC is attempting to trademark the words ‘inspiring vet care’, so there’s a possibility that the RCVS is now in Gudrun and Alice’s sights, due to the similarities with its strapline.
“If this is the case, we’d welcome the RCVS to join We Are Spartacus. Hundreds of those that registered on our website weren’t affected by the legal letters, but they still wanted to show their support and stand alongside everyone that has had to contend with IVC’s threats. There’s no doubt this support and solidarity from the wider veterinary industry would extend to the RCVS as well, should they need it."
IVC Evidensia’s trademark application can be viewed online.
Image © Shutterstock.com/Indypendenz

Cattle vet elected as RCVS junior vice-president
David Barrett, a cattle health specialist, has been elected as the next junior vice-president for the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS).
He will begin his term, alongside incoming president Tim Hutchinson and senior vice-president Tim Parkin, at RCVS’ Annual General Meeting on Friday, 3 July 2026.
Prof Barrett is from a dairy farming background in the southwest of England, before earning an intercalated BSc in Anatomical Sciences and a BVSc from the University of Bristol. He then entered a mixed veterinary practice in North Wales.
Following the completion of his initial postgraduate training, he gained a Diploma in Bovine Reproduction and a Diploma in Cattle Health and Production.
In 2003, Prof Barrett helped establish the European College of Bovine Health Management (ECBHM), transforming postgraduate clinical training across Europe. He has served as president of the ECBHM, before returning to the University of Bristol in 2011 to rebuild the farm animal teaching and research group.
He also served on the Board of the British Cattle Veterinary Association for 17 years, including as the president (2018–19), and is an associate of the Royal Agricultural Societies (ARAgS) and Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB).
Prof Barrett: “It is a great honour to be elected to this position by my fellow RCVS Council members, and I look forward to working with them, VN Council members and RCVS staff.
“As junior vice-president I will bring experience, judgement, and a collaborative, person-centred approach to Council, supporting thriving professionals, promoting equality, diversity, and inclusion, maintaining the highest standards, and ensuring the College regulates transparently and responsibly delivering leadership the professions and public can trust now and into the future.”
Prof Barrett was elected as junior vice-president at a meeting of the RCVS Council on Thursday, 12 March 2026. He will serve as junior vice-president from 2026 until 2027, before becoming RCVS president in July 2027.
Image © RCVS

RWAF launches enhanced Rabbit Friendly Vet Scheme
The Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund (RWAF) has officially launched an enhanced version of its Rabbit Friendly Vet Scheme.
The group describes the new scheme as a ‘major step forward’ in supporting the standards of rabbit veterinary care in the UK.
The Rabbit Friendly Vet Scheme is designed to support rabbit owners with finding a practice with specific understanding of rabbits and their care. It has now been in development for over 20 years.
RWAF’s 2026 scheme is said to provide greater transparency, higher clinical standards, and clearer guidance for rabbit owners seeking expert care.
It is structured as a modular assessment framework, which divides the application of rabbit care into 16 areas of practice. This includes reception, inpatient care, clinical expertise, nursing and surgical provision.
This framework means that, even if a practice does not achieve the highest overall award, it is still able to demonstrate excellence in areas of rabbit care.
Accredited practices will now receive a score for each individual module, overall award rating and a detailed certificate highlighting their strengths across different areas.
It is hoped that the scheme will empower rabbit owners when making decisions about their pet’s care. They will be able to choose a practice based on their specific needs and the practice team’s level of expertise.
Each practice application to the scheme will be reviewed and approved by vet specialist advisor John Chitty.
Mr Chitty said: “We are delighted to see the first practices come through and be accredited under our new enhanced standards scheme. Congratulations to them all!
“This scheme gives each one the opportunity to show the areas of their practices that are truly excellent for rabbits - and also shows rabbit owners that they are genuinely serious and committed to the welfare of the pet rabbits in their care.”
Emily Barker, from independent veterinary practice Cedar Vets, said: “We are incredibly proud to have achieved the RWAF Silver Plus Rabbit Friendly Practice Award. We are committed to delivering the highest standards of rabbit welfare and clinical care here at Cedar Vets.”
Image © Shutterstock.com/Stella_E




























